模具塑料PA66 聚酰胺66或尼龙66
典型应用范围:
同PA6相比，PA66更广泛应用于汽车工业、仪器壳体以及其它需要有抗冲击性和高强度要求的产品。
注塑模工艺条件:
干燥处理：如果加工前材料是密封的，那么就没有必要干燥。然而，如果储存容器被打开，那么建议在85C的热空气中干燥处理。如果湿度大于0.2%，还需要进行105C，12小时的真空干燥。
熔化温度：260~290C。对玻璃添加剂的产品为275~280C。熔化温度应避免高于300C。
模具温度：建议80C。模具温度将影响结晶度，而结晶度将影响产品的物理特性。对于
薄壁塑件，如果使用低于40C的模具温度，则塑件的结晶度将随着时间而变化，为了保持
塑件的几何稳定性，需要进行退火处理。
注射压力：通常在750~1250bar，取决于材料和产品设计。
注射速度：高速（对于增强型材料应稍低一些）。
流道和浇口:
由于PA66的凝固时间很短，因此浇口的位置非常重要。浇口孔径不要小于0.5*t
（这里t为塑件厚度）。如果使用热流道，浇口尺寸应比使用常规流道小一些，
因为热流道能够帮助阻止材料过早凝固。如果用潜入式浇口，浇口的小直径
应当是0.75mm。
化学和物理特性:
PA66在聚酰胺材料中有较高的熔点。它是一种半晶体-晶体材料。PA66在较高温度也能保持较强的强度和刚度。PA66在成型后仍然具有吸湿性，其程度主要取决于材料的组成、壁厚以及环境条件。在产品设计时，一定要考虑吸湿性对几何稳定性的影响。
为了提高PA66的机械特性，经常加入各种各样的改性剂。玻璃就是常见的添加剂，有时为了提高抗冲击性还加入合成橡胶，如EPDM和SBR等。
PA66的粘性较低，因此流动性很好（但不如PA6）。这个性质可以用来加工很薄的元件。
它的粘度对温度变化很敏感。PA66的收缩率在1%~2%之间，加入玻璃纤维添加剂可以将
收缩率降低到0.2%~1% 。收缩率在流程方向和与流程方向相垂直方向上的差异是较大的。
PA66对许多溶剂具有抗溶性，但对酸和其它一些氯化剂的抵抗力较弱。
PA 66
Generic Class
PA 66 (Polyamide 66, or Nylon 66, or poly (hexamethylene adipamide))
Applications
Competes with PA 6 for most applications. PA 66 is heavily used in the automotive industry, appliance housings, and generally where impact resistance and strength are required.
Injection Molding Processing conditions
Drying Drying is not required if the material is sealed prior to molding; however, if the containers are left open, drying in a hot air oven at 85 C (185 F) is recommended. If the moisture content is > 0.2%, vacuum drying at 105 C (220 F) for 12 hours is recommended.
Melt Temperature 260 - 290 C (500 - 554 F); 275 - 280 C (527 - 536 F) for glass filled grades; melt temperatures above 300 C (572 F) should be avoided
Mold Temperature 80 C (176 F) suggested. Mold temperature affects crystallinity level which in turn affects physical properties. In the case of thin walled parts, crystallinity changes with time if mold temperatures of less than 40 C (104 F) are used. In such cases, annealing may be needed to retain dimensional stability.
Resin Injection Pressure Generally between 750 - 1,250 bar (~11,000 - 18,000 psi), depends on material and product design
Injection Speed High (slightly lower for reinforced grades)
Runners and Gates
The gate location is important because of very fast freeze-off times. Any type of gate may be used; the aperture should not be less than half the thickness of the part. When hot runners are used, the size of the gates can be smaller than when cold runners are used, because premature freeze-off is prevented. When using submarine gates, the minimum diameter of the gate should be 0.75 mm.
Chemical and physical properties
PA 66 homopolymer is produced by the polymerization of hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid (a dibasic acid). Among commercially available polyamides, PA 66 has one of the highest melting points. It is a
semicrystalline-crystalline material. The resins have strength and stiffness which is retained at elevated temperatures. It does absorb moisture after molding, but the retention is not as much as in the case of PA 6. Moisture absorption depends on the composition of the material, wall thickness, and environmental conditions. Dimensional stability and properties are all affected by the amount of moisture absorption which must be taken into account for product design.
Various modifiers are added to improve mechanical properties; glass is one of the most commonly used filler. Addition of elastomers such as EPDM or SBR improves impact resistance.
The viscosity is low and therefore, it flows easily (but not as easily as PA 6). This allows molding of thin components. The viscosity is very sensitive to temperature. Shrinkage is of the order of 0.01 - 0.02 mm/mm (1 - 2%). Addition of reinforcing glass fibers reduces the shrinkage to 0.2 - 1%. Differential shrinkage in the flow and cross-flow directions is quite high. Mineral fillers yield more isotropic moldings. PA 66 is resistant to most solvents but not to strong acids or oxidizing agents.
Major Manufacturers
BASF (Ultramid A), DuPont (Minlon - mineral reinforced grade
s; Zytel), Monsanto (Vydyne), DSM (Akulon).